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Pilonidal sinus

What is Pilonidal sinus

Pilonidal sinus is a condition in which a small tunnel or cyst develops in the skin near the cleft of the buttocks, just above the coccyx (tailbone). The condition usually occurs in young adults and is more common in men than women. The cyst contains hair, debris, and sometimes, infection. Over time, the cyst may become infected and inflamed, causing pain and discomfort.

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Symptoms of Pilonidal sinus

Some common symptoms of Pilonidal sinus include:

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  1. Pain and discomfort in the affected area, particularly when sitting or standing for long periods of time

  2. Swelling, redness, or tenderness around the affected area

  3. Drainage of pus or blood from an opening in the skin

  4. Foul-smelling discharge from the affected area

  5. Itching or burning sensation in the affected area

  6. Hair protruding from the cyst or sinus opening

  7. Recurrent infections in the affected area.

Causes of Pilonidal sinus

The exact cause of pilonidal sinus is not fully understood, but there are several factors that may contribute to its development, including:

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  1. Hair growth: Pilonidal sinus is believed to occur when hair follicles become irritated and inflamed, causing the development of a cyst or sinus. Hair growth in the area, particularly thick or coarse hair, may increase the risk of developing pilonidal sinus.

  2. Congenital factors: Some people may be born with a deeper cleft between their buttocks or have an abnormal shape of the coccyx bone, which can increase the risk of developing pilonidal sinus.

  3. Trauma: Friction or pressure to the affected area may cause hair to penetrate the skin, leading to the development of a pilonidal sinus.

  4. Poor hygiene: Poor hygiene or sweating in the affected area can contribute to the development of pilonidal sinus.

  5. Genetics: Pilonidal sinus may be more common in certain families, suggesting a genetic component to the condition.

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Treatment

The treatment of pilonidal sinus depends on the severity of the condition, but common treatment options include:

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  1. Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat any underlying infection.

  2. Incision and drainage: In some cases, a healthcare professional may make an incision in the cyst or sinus and drain any fluid or pus that has accumulated. This procedure may be done under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting.

  3. Excision and closure: If the cyst or sinus is recurring, a healthcare professional may recommend surgical removal of the affected tissue. The wound may be left open to heal or closed with sutures.

  4. Flap closure: A healthcare professional may recommend using a flap of skin to cover the area where the cyst or sinus was removed. This procedure may be done in cases where a large area of skin has been removed or if the wound is in a difficult location to close.

  5. Laser treatment: Laser treatment may be used to remove hair and infected tissue from the affected area.

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It's important to follow a healthcare professional's recommendations for aftercare and to keep the affected area clean and dry to prevent further infections or recurrence of the condition

FAQs around Pilonidal sinus

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